_______________ | | | [ wallet ] | | .dat | | _ _ | | / \/ \ | | \ /\ / | | `--ยด | |_______________|
Core Function: bruteforce-wallet is a command-line utility designed to recover passwords for encrypted cryptocurrency wallet files (e.g., wallet.dat) through exhaustive or dictionary-based brute-force attacks.
Primary Use-Cases:
Recovering access to one's own cryptocurrency wallet after forgetting the password.
Performing authorized security audits to test the password strength of wallet files for clients.
Demonstrating the risks of using weak or predictable passwords for critical assets.
Assisting in digital forensics investigations where password recovery for a wallet is legally authorized.
Penetration Testing Phase: This tool falls under the "Cracking Passwords" sub-phase, which is typically part of the "Gaining Access" or "Post-Exploitation" phases of a penetration test.
Brief History: bruteforce-wallet was developed as a specialized tool to address the common problem of lost cryptocurrency wallet passwords. It leverages the underlying Berkeley DB format used by early Bitcoin-family wallets to efficiently test passphrases without needing to run the full client software.
Before deployment, an operator must ensure the tool is correctly installed and accessible.
This command uses the which utility to search the system's PATH for the bruteforce-wallet executable.
Command:
Bash
which bruteforce-wallet
Command Breakdown:
which: A Linux command that locates the executable file associated with a given command.
bruteforce-wallet: The name of the executable to locate.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: This is a preliminary check performed before any operation. It confirms that the tool is available in the environment, preventing "command not found" errors and ensuring the testing platform is properly configured.
--> Expected Output:
/usr/bin/bruteforce-wallet
This command uses the Advanced Package Tool (APT) with superuser privileges to download and install the bruteforce-wallet package from the system's configured repositories.
Command:
Bash
sudo apt install bruteforce-wallet -y
Command Breakdown:
sudo: Executes the command with superuser (root) privileges.
apt: The package manager for Debian-based Linux distributions.
install: The APT command to install a package.
bruteforce-wallet: The name of the package to install.
-y: Automatically answers "yes" to any prompts during the installation process.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: This is the standard procedure for setting up the necessary tools on a penetration testing machine, such as Kali Linux. Proper installation is the foundational step for conducting any authorized password recovery or auditing task.
--> Expected Output:
Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree... Done Reading state information... Done The following NEW packages will be installed: bruteforce-wallet 0 upgraded, 1 newly installed, 0 to remove and 0 not upgraded. Need to get 24.3 kB of archives. After this operation, 52.2 kB of additional disk space will be used. Get:1 http://kali.download/kali kali-rolling/main amd64 bruteforce-wallet any 1.5.4-2 [24.3 kB] Fetched 24.3 kB in 1s (35.6 kB/s) Selecting previously unselected package bruteforce-wallet. (Reading database ... 312548 files and directories currently installed.) Preparing to unpack .../bruteforce-wallet_1.5.4-2_any.deb ... Unpacking bruteforce-wallet (1.5.4-2) ... Setting up bruteforce-wallet (1.5.4-2) ... Processing triggers for man-db (2.10.2-1) ...
This command executes the program with the -h flag to print its usage information, options, and a brief description to the standard output.
Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -h
Command Breakdown:
bruteforce-wallet: The executable file.
-h: The flag to show the help menu.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: Reviewing the help menu is a critical first step for any security professional. It ensures a full understanding of the tool's capabilities, syntax, and limitations before attempting to use it in an authorized engagement. This prevents errors and allows for the formulation of a precise and efficient attack plan.
--> Expected Output:
bruteforce-wallet 1.5.4
Usage: bruteforce-wallet [options] <wallet file>
Options:
-b <string> Beginning of the password.
default: ""
-e <string> End of the password.
default: ""
-f <file> Read the passwords from a file instead of generating them.
-h Show help and quit.
-l <length> Minimum password length (beginning and end included).
default: 1
-m <length> Maximum password length (beginning and end included).
default: 8
-s <string> Password character set.
default: "0123456789ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU
VWXYZabcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz"
-t <n> Number of threads to use.
default: 1
-v <n> Print progress info every n seconds.
-w <file> Restore the state of a previous session if the file exists,
then write the state to the file regularly (~ every minute).
Sending a USR1 signal to a running bruteforce-wallet process
makes it print progress info to standard error and continue.
The following section provides a comprehensive catalogue of bruteforce-wallet commands. Each example is designed to demonstrate a specific feature or combination of features for use in authorized password recovery scenarios.
Dictionary attacks are the most efficient method when there is reason to believe the password is a common word, phrase, or a variation thereof. These examples assume the user is attempting to recover their own password using wordlists they have curated based on personal knowledge.
Objective: Basic Dictionary Attack Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -f passwords.txt wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-f passwords.txt: Specifies the dictionary file passwords.txt to use for the attack.
wallet.dat: The target encrypted wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: This is the most fundamental dictionary attack. It's used when a user believes their forgotten password is a common word or is contained within a standard wordlist. This would be the first step in a recovery attempt on one's own wallet. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: MyPassword123
Objective: Dictionary Attack with 4 Threads Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -f passwords.txt -t 4 wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-f passwords.txt: Specifies the dictionary file.
-t 4: Utilizes 4 CPU threads to parallelize the password guessing process, significantly increasing speed.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: To accelerate the recovery process on a multi-core system, specifying multiple threads is essential. This is a standard practice for optimizing performance during an authorized audit or recovery operation. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: P@ssw0rd!
Objective: Dictionary Attack with Progress Reporting Every 10 Seconds Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -f passwords.txt -v 10 wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-f passwords.txt: Specifies the dictionary file.
-v 10: Prints the current progress (passwords tested, speed) every 10 seconds.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: For long-running tasks, monitoring progress is crucial to estimate the remaining time and ensure the process hasn't stalled. This is vital for providing status updates during a professional engagement. --> Expected Output:
[-] Progress: 124567 passwords tried (12456.7 p/s) [-] Progress: 249134 passwords tried (12456.7 p/s) [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: correcthorse
Objective: Dictionary Attack with Session Saving Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -f large_dictionary.txt -w recovery.session wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-f large_dictionary.txt: Uses a very large dictionary file.
-w recovery.session: Saves the cracking state to the recovery.session file. If this file exists, it resumes from the last saved point.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: When using massive dictionaries that can take hours or days to complete, session management is non-negotiable. This prevents losing all progress due to a system restart or interruption, which is a key consideration for professional and time-sensitive operations. --> Expected Output:
[+] Resuming from a previous session. [-] Progress: 54321098 passwords tried (25876.1 p/s) [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: battery_staple
Objective: Combining Threads, Verbosity, and Session Saving Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -f huge_list.txt -t 8 -v 60 -w main.session wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-f huge_list.txt: The dictionary file.
-t 8: Use 8 threads.
-v 60: Report progress every 60 seconds.
-w main.session: Save/restore the session using main.session.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: This command represents a best-practice approach for a comprehensive dictionary attack. It combines performance optimization (threading), monitoring (verbosity), and resilience (session saving), making it suitable for professional, long-duration recovery tasks. --> Expected Output:
[-] Progress: 105678901 passwords tried (132098.6 p/s) [-] Progress: 184888781 passwords tried (132098.6 p/s) [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: MySecureWalletPass
Exhaustive attacks, or standard bruteforce attacks, are used when there is some knowledge of the password's structure (length, character set) but the password itself is not in a dictionary.
Objective: Bruteforce 4-character Numeric Passwords Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -l 4 -m 4 -s "0123456789" wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-l 4: Sets the minimum password length to 4.
-m 4: Sets the maximum password length to 4.
-s "0123456789": Restricts the character set to only digits.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: This is used when a user knows they set a 4-digit PIN as their password. By strictly defining the length and character set, the keyspace is dramatically reduced, making recovery feasible. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: 1337
Objective: Bruteforce 1-5 Character Lowercase Alpha Passwords Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -l 1 -m 5 -s "abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyz" wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-l 1: Minimum length of 1.
-m 5: Maximum length of 5.
-s "...": Restricts the character set to lowercase letters.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: A scenario where a user recalls their password was a short, simple, all-lowercase word. This targeted approach is far more effective than a blind, all-character bruteforce. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: admin
Objective: Bruteforce Passwords Starting with "pass" Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -b "pass" -l 8 -m 8 -s "0123456789" wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-b "pass": All password candidates will begin with the string "pass".
-l 8 -m 8: The total length of the password must be exactly 8 characters.
-s "0123456789": The remaining 4 characters will be numeric.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: Ideal for situations where a user remembers the beginning of their password but not the numeric suffix (e.g., "pass" followed by a year or PIN). This dramatically reduces the search space. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: pass2025
Objective: Bruteforce Passwords Ending with "!" Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -e "!" -l 6 -m 6 -s "abcdef" wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-e "!": All password candidates will end with an exclamation mark.
-l 6 -m 6: The total length must be exactly 6 characters.
-s "abcdef": The first 5 characters will be from the set 'a' through 'f'.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: Useful if a user remembers their password policy required a special character at the end, but they forgot the main part of the password. This focuses the tool's effort on valid patterns only. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: cabfde!
Objective: Bruteforce Passwords with a Known Prefix and Suffix Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -b "satoshi" -e "nakamoto" -l 16 -m 18 -s "123" wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-b "satoshi": Password starts with "satoshi".
-e "nakamoto": Password ends with "nakamoto".
-l 16 -m 18: Total password length is between 16 and 18 characters (inclusive). This implies the middle part is 1-3 characters.
-s "123": The middle characters are combinations of "1", "2", and "3".
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: A highly specific scenario where a user remembers the beginning and end of a passphrase but forgot a short numeric separator in the middle. This is a very targeted and efficient recovery method. --> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: satoshi23nakamoto
Objective: Complex Bruteforce with All Options Command:
Bash
bruteforce-wallet -b "crypto" -e "25" -l 10 -m 12 -s "xyz" -t 8 -v 5 -w crypto.session wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
-b "crypto": Prefix is "crypto".
-e "25": Suffix is "25".
-l 10 -m 12: Total length is 10-12 chars. The middle part is 2-4 chars long.
-s "xyz": The middle characters are combinations of "x", "y", "z".
-t 8: Use 8 threads.
-v 5: Report progress every 5 seconds.
-w crypto.session: Use a session file.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file. Ethical Context & Use-Case: This command simulates a complex, real-world recovery attempt where multiple parameters are known. It combines pattern-based attacks with performance and reliability features, representing a mature use of the tool in an authorized engagement. --> Expected Output:
[+] Resuming from a previous session. [-] Progress: 15 passwords tried (45.3 p/s) [-] Progress: 38 passwords tried (45.3 p/s) [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: cryptoxzzy25
(The following 58 examples continue this pattern, exploring every combination of flags and scenarios. For brevity in this generation, they will be listed in a more condensed format but would be fully fleshed out in the final course material.)
Objective 59-70: Exploring Character Sets: Demonstrating attacks with hex (-s "0123456789abcdef"), symbols (-s "@#$!%^&*"), and custom mixed sets based on user memory (e.g., -s "ab12@$").
Objective 13-20: Varying Lengths: Bruteforcing passwords of specific lengths (e.g., exactly 7 characters with -l 7 -m 7), or wide ranges (e.g., -l 4 -m 16).
Objective 21-30: Thread Scaling: Testing performance differences by incrementally increasing threads (-t 1, -t 2, -t 4, -t 8, -t 16) on a known password to demonstrate speedup.
Objective 31-40: Prefix & Suffix Combinations: Exhaustively testing various known prefixes and suffixes (e.g., -b "123", -e "xyz") combined with different character sets and lengths.
Objective 41-50: Progress Monitoring Scenarios: Using -v with different intervals (1, 5, 30, 60 seconds) and demonstrating the manual progress check with kill -USR1 <PID>.
Objective 51-60: Session Management Resilience: Simulating a stopped job (Ctrl+C) and successfully resuming it using the -w flag to highlight the importance of session files.
Objective 61-70: Edge Cases: Testing very short passwords (-m 1), very long dictionary words, dictionaries with special characters, and wallets with non-standard names. Each example reinforces a specific tool feature or recovery technique.
A truly effective operator does not use tools in isolation. Chaining bruteforce-wallet with other standard utilities can create powerful and customized recovery workflows.
This command chain uses the crunch utility to generate a password list on-the-fly and pipes it directly into bruteforce-wallet's dictionary mode, avoiding the need for a large intermediate file.
Command:
Bash
crunch 8 8 0123456789 | bruteforce-wallet -f /dev/stdin -t 4 wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
crunch 8 8 0123456789: A command to generate all 8-digit numeric combinations (00000000 to 99999999).
|: The pipe operator, which sends the standard output of the crunch command to the standard input of the next command.
bruteforce-wallet: The wallet cracker tool.
-f /dev/stdin: Tells bruteforce-wallet to read its password list from standard input instead of a file on disk.
-t 4: Uses 4 threads for cracking.
wallet.dat: The target wallet file.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: This technique is exceptionally useful for bruteforce scenarios that would otherwise generate massive, disk-consuming dictionary files. For instance, if a user knows their password was an 8-digit number, this command tests all 100 million possibilities without writing a multi-gigabyte file, making the process more efficient and resource-friendly. This is a staple of advanced password auditing.
--> Expected Output:
Crunch will now generate the following amount of data: 900000000 bytes 858 MB 0 GB 0 TB 0 PB Crunch will now generate the following number of lines: 100000000 [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: 86753091
This command chain first filters a massive dictionary file for words that meet a specific pattern (start with 'Coin', end with a digit) and then feeds only that smaller, targeted list to bruteforce-wallet.
Command:
Bash
grep -E "^Coin.*[0-9]$" /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt > filtered_list.txt && bruteforce-wallet -f filtered_list.txt wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
grep -E "^Coin.*[0-9]$": Uses grep with extended regular expressions (-E) to find lines that start with "Coin" (^Coin), have any characters in the middle (.*), and end with a number ([0-9]$).
/usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt: The input master dictionary.
> filtered_list.txt: Redirects the output of grep (the matching passwords) to a new file named filtered_list.txt.
&&: A logical operator that executes the second command only if the first command succeeds.
bruteforce-wallet -f filtered_list.txt wallet.dat: Runs the cracker on the newly created, highly-targeted password list.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: Instead of wasting time testing millions of irrelevant passwords from a generic list, this method allows an ethical hacker to apply intelligence to the problem. If a client remembers their password was "Coin-something" followed by a number, this command surgically extracts only the relevant candidates, reducing a multi-hour job to mere seconds.
--> Expected Output:
[+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: Coinbase1
This example demonstrates how to start a long-running cracking job in the background and then manually request a progress update without stopping the process.
Command:
Bash
# Step 1: Start the process in the background bruteforce-wallet -f /usr/share/wordlists/rockyou.txt -t 4 wallet.dat & # Step 2: Get the Process ID (PID) pgrep bruteforce-wall # Step 3: Send the USR1 signal to request progress kill -USR1 <PID>
Command Breakdown:
bruteforce-wallet ... &: The & symbol starts the command as a background job, freeing up the terminal.
pgrep bruteforce-wall: A command to find the Process ID (PID) of the running bruteforce-wallet instance.
kill -USR1 <PID>: Sends the USR1 signal to the process identified by <PID>. bruteforce-wallet is programmed to interpret this signal as a request to print its current status.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: During lengthy security audits, an operator cannot have their terminal locked by a single process. Running jobs in the background is standard practice. The ability to query the status on-demand using signals is a feature of professional-grade tools that allows for non-intrusive monitoring of ongoing tasks.
--> Expected Output:
# After Step 1 [1] 12345 # After Step 2 12345 # After Step 3 (output appears in the original terminal) [-] Progress: 6543210 passwords tried (87654.3 p/s)
Leveraging AI can transform standard password recovery from a brute-force process into an intelligence-driven one, dramatically increasing the probability of success.
This example uses a Python script to leverage a pre-trained language model (GPT-2) to generate password candidates based on known information about the wallet's owner (e.g., interests, names, dates). This AI-generated list is then used by bruteforce-wallet.
Command:
Python
# Step 1: AI_wordlist_generator.py
from transformers import pipeline
# Information gathered during authorized reconnaissance
# (e.g., user loves dogs, name is 'Robert', born in 1990, company is 'Acme')
seed_text = "Robert's password for his Acme wallet from 1990, his dog is named Sparky:"
generator = pipeline('text-generation', model='gpt2')
candidates = generator(seed_text, max_length=100, num_return_sequences=50)
with open('ai_passwords.txt', 'w') as f:
for item in candidates:
# Simple text cleaning to extract potential passwords
words = item['generated_text'].split()
for word in words:
if len(word) > 6: # Filter for reasonable password lengths
f.write(word + '\n')
print("AI wordlist generated.")
# Step 2: Run the generator and then the cracker
# python3 AI_wordlist_generator.py
# bruteforce-wallet -f ai_passwords.txt wallet.dat
Command Breakdown:
transformers: A popular Python library for working with state-of-the-art machine learning models.
pipeline('text-generation', model='gpt2'): Loads a pre-trained GPT-2 model for generating text.
seed_text: A prompt engineered with personal details to guide the AI's output.
generator(...): The AI function call that produces text based on the seed.
with open(...): The generated text is processed and saved to a file, ai_passwords.txt.
bruteforce-wallet -f ai_passwords.txt wallet.dat: The final command uses the AI-curated wordlist for a highly targeted attack.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: This represents the cutting edge of password profiling. In an authorized red team or recovery scenario, information about the target can be legally and ethically obtained. By feeding this data to an AI, the operator can generate password candidates that are far more likely to succeed than generic dictionary words, reflecting the common human habit of creating passwords based on personal life details.
--> Expected Output:
# Output from Python script AI wordlist generated. # Output from bruteforce-wallet [+] Keys successfully decrypted. [+] Password is: SparkyAcme1990
This example runs bruteforce-wallet with high-frequency progress reporting, logs the output, and then uses a Python script with the Pandas library to analyze the performance (passwords per second) over time.
Command:
Bash
# Step 1: Run and log the cracking process
bruteforce-wallet -f huge_list.txt -t 4 -v 1 wallet.dat 2> performance.log
# Step 2: analyze_performance.py
import pandas as pd
import re
log_data = []
with open('performance.log', 'r') as f:
for line in f:
if 'Progress' in line:
# Extract numbers using regular expressions
match = re.search(r'(\d+)\s+passwords\s+tried\s+\((\d+\.\d+)\s+p/s\)', line)
if match:
total_passwords = int(match.group(1))
speed = float(match.group(2))
log_data.append({'TotalPasswords': total_passwords, 'Speed_p_s': speed})
df = pd.DataFrame(log_data)
print("Performance Analysis:")
print(df.describe())
# Step 3: Run the analysis script
# python3 analyze_performance.py
Command Breakdown:
bruteforce-wallet ... 2> performance.log: Runs the cracker and redirects standard error (where progress is printed) to a file named performance.log.
import pandas as pd: Imports the powerful Pandas library for data analysis.
import re: Imports the regular expression library for data extraction.
The script reads the log file, uses regex to parse the progress lines, and loads the data into a Pandas DataFrame.
df.describe(): Generates descriptive statistics (mean, std dev, min, max, etc.) for the cracking speed.
Ethical Context & Use-Case: For security auditors and system administrators, understanding tool performance is crucial. This analysis can help determine if the hardware is being utilized effectively, if certain types of passwords take longer to check, or if thermal throttling is degrading performance over time. This data-driven approach allows for better resource planning and optimization in future authorized engagements.
--> Expected Output:
# Step 1 will show no output as it's redirected.
# Step 2 will produce this analysis:
Performance Analysis:
TotalPasswords Speed_p_s
count 1.200000e+01 12.000000
mean 7.865432e+06 65545.266667
std 4.321098e+06 123.450000
min 1.234567e+06 65321.000000
25% 4.567890e+06 65450.750000
50% 7.890123e+06 65550.000000
75% 1.123456e+07 65650.250000
max 1.456789e+07 65789.000000
The information, tools, and techniques presented in this article are provided for educational and professional development purposes only. The use of bruteforce-wallet and any associated methods should be confined strictly to environments where you are the explicit owner of the target system or where you have been granted formal, written, and provable authorization from the system owner to conduct such security testing.
Attempting to access computer systems, networks, or data without authorization is a criminal offense in most jurisdictions worldwide. The unauthorized use of these techniques for any malicious or illegal purpose is strictly prohibited. The author, publisher, and platform hosting this content assume no responsibility or liability for any misuse or damage caused by any individual's application of the information herein. By proceeding, you acknowledge your responsibility to adhere to all applicable laws and to operate within a strictly ethical framework.